Source 3

Physical, emotional, and sexual abuse among children by the hands of their parents has been happening for over a century. Times have changed in a sense of discipline against the accused. In the past, most cases went unnoticed or ignored. Society has recognize and created programs and departments who now advocate protecting children. Society has also recognized more types of emotional and social abuse among children with their own family and peers. Abuse can start in infancy and go forward to adulthood. There are ripple effects that can lead to behaviours and lack of security among children. Statistics show that abuse can affect many aspects of one’s life and prove harder to address and control as the child grows older.

1. Ackerman, Robert J. And Dee Graham. (1990). ''Too Old to Cry: Abused Teens in Today’s America''. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: HIS and TAB Books.

2. Wiehe, Vernon R. (1990). ''Sibling Abuse: Hidden Physical, Emotional and Sexual Trauma''. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

3. Starr, Raymond H., Darla J. MacLean, and Daniel P. Keating. (1991). “Life-Span Development of Child Maltreatment.” The Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect, Starr, Raymond H. Jr., and David A. Wolfe, ed. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

4. Dubowitz, Howard. (1991). “The Impact of Child Maltreatment on Health.” ''The Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect.'' Starr, Raymond H. Jr., and David A. Wolfe, ed. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

5. Wyatt, Gail Elizabeth, Michael D. Newcomb, and Monika H. Riederle. (1990). ''Sexual Abuse and Consensual Sex''. Newberry Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

6. Wolfe, David A. and Robin McGree. (1991) “Assessment of Emotional Status Among Maltreated Children.” The Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect. Starr, Raymond H. Jr., and David A. Wolfe, ed. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.